why should stainless steel contain carbon?
Carbon is one of the main elements of industrial steel. The properties and microstructure of steel are largely determined by the content of carbon in steel and its distribution form. The influence of carbon in stainless steel is particularly significant. The influence of carbon on the structure of stainless steel is mainly manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, carbon is the element of stable austenite, and the degree of action is very large (about 30 times nickel). On the other hand, due to the great affinity of carbon and chromium, the formation of a series of complex carbides with chromium. Therefore, from the strength and corrosion resistance of the candle performance of two points of view, the role of carbon in stainless steel is contradictory. Understanding the law of this influence, you can start from different requirements, choose different carbon content of stainless steel. For example, stainless steel, the most widely used in industry, is also the least: The standard chromium content gauge of these five steel numbers, Ocr13-4Crl3, is set at 12-14%, which is determined after taking into account the factors that carbon and chromium form chromium carbide. The purpose is to make the chromium content in the solid solution not lower than the minimum chromium content of 11.7% after carbon and chromium combine into chromium carbide. Ocrl3-2cr13 steel has good corrosion resistance, but its strength is lower than 3Crl3 and 4Crl3 steel, so it is mostly used to manufacture structural parts. The last two steel numbers can obtain high strength due to their high carbon content and are mostly used to manufacture spring, tool and other parts requiring high strength and wear resistance. For example, to overcome the intergranular corrosion of 18-8 inconel stainless steel, the carbon content of the steel can be reduced to less than 0.03%, or the addition of elements with a greater affinity than chromium and carbon (titanium or Niobium), so that it does not form chromium carbide, and if the high hardness and wear resistance become the main requirements, we can increase the carbon content of steel at the same time appropriately improve the chromium content, so that not only meet the requirements of hardness and wear resistance, but also take into account certain corrosion resistance function, industrial used as bearings, measuring tools and cutting tools stainless steel 9Cris and 9Crl7MoVCo, Although the carbon content is as high as 0.85 -- 0.95%, because their chromium content is also correspondingly improved, so still ensure the requirements of corrosion resistance.
Generally speaking, the carbon content of stainless steel applied in the industry is relatively low, the carbon content of most stainless steel is between 0.1-0.4%, acid-resistant steel is the majority of carbon 0.1-0.2%. Stainless steel with carbon content greater than 0.4% accounts for only a small fraction of the total number of steel sizes, because in most service conditions, stainless steel is always primarily intended for corrosion resistance. In addition, the lower carbon content is also due to some technological requirements, such as easy welding and cold deformation.
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